Commonly confused words

affect vs effect

Meaning, pronunciation, and examples

Affect is usually a verb meaning “to influence.” Effect is usually a noun meaning “a result.” Their first vowels can sound very similar in natural speech.

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American English

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Word 1

affect

verb, usually

uh-FEKT

To influence or cause a change in someone or something.

US pronunciation

/əˈfekt/

UK IPA

/əˈfekt/

Hear three samples

How to pronounce it

Keep the first syllable quick and unstressed, then land firmly on FEKT.

Word 2

effect

noun, usually

ih-FEKT

A result or change produced by an action or cause.

US pronunciation

/ɪˈfekt/

UK IPA

/ɪˈfekt/

Hear three samples

How to pronounce it

Use a short “ih” before the stressed FEKT; in fast speech it may reduce toward “uh.”

Sound contrast

How to tell them apart

Both words stress FEKT. Start affect with a relaxed “uh” and effect with a short “ih,” but do not force the contrast: many speakers reduce both unstressed vowels, so grammar and context carry much of the difference.

Meaning and usage

What is the difference between affect and effect?

Use affect when something changes or influences something else. Use effect for the result that follows. There are less common exceptions—affect can name an observable emotional expression, and effect can mean “to bring about”—but the verb-versus-noun rule covers most everyday sentences.

Listen in context

Six example sentences

Context makes both the meaning and the natural rhythm easier to hear. Every sentence has its own playback.

Examples with

affect

  1. Heavy rain can affect the evening commute.
  2. A lack of sleep affects my concentration.
  3. The new schedule will affect every team.

Examples with

effect

  1. The medicine had a calming effect.
  2. We studied the effects of sleep on memory.
  3. The new rule takes effect on Monday.

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Pronunciation reviewed for General American and modern standard British English. Natural speech varies by region, speaker, and sentence. Last reviewed .